Contemporaries thought that the revolt was inspired in part by a visit to Charleston by a priest who relayed the Spanish offer of freedom in Florida. Now, well-armed, the group then marched down a main road in St. Paul's Parish, located nearly 20 miles from Charlestown (today Charleston). Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on Sept. 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, S.C. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went. We contribute to teachers and students by providing valuable resources, tools, and experiences that promote civic engagement through a historical framework. From there, they moved to Stono Bridge, broke into a store, equipped themselves with guns and powder, and killed two men. Why was the Battle of Philippi important? One of the most notable. While not a direct challenge to the authority of the state, the Stono Rebellion nevertheless alerted white authorities to the dangers of slave revolt, caused a good deal of angst among planters, and resulted in legislation designed to control slaves and lessen the chances of insurrection by the colonys black majority population. Although the Stono Rebellion was very important in the history of South Carolina, it was not well documented. What was the significance of Bacons Rebellion? Forego a bottle of soda and donate its cost to us for the information you just learned, and feel good about helping to make it available to everyone. The revolt was quelled by a militia and many of the rebels were killed. iolent albeit failed attempt by as many as one hundred slaves to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom in Spanish-controlled Florida, South Carolinas largest and bloodiest slave insurrection, University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies, https://www.scencyclopedia.org/sce/entries/stono-rebellion/. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Second, there was an increase in disciplinary codes and practices to keep control over the enslaved population. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Vox, Lisa. By registering you get free access to our website and app (available on desktop AND mobile) which will help you to super-charge your learning process. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Henry de Saussure Copeland / Flickr / CC BY-NC 2.0. Authorities also tightened control over the enslaved. . It solidified slavery in a way that it hadn't been before, and probably would have happened anyway. The Stono Rebellion took place near the Stono River in South Carolina. Why was the Abolitionist Movement important? South Carolina's Lieutenant Governor, William Bull, and four companions encountered the insurgents before noon, but managed to escape and warned other whites of the revolt. Bacons Rebellion was an armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers that took place from 1676 to 1677. Before dawn they reached Wallaces Tavern, where they drank briefly but heartily and spared the owner because he was known to be kind to his slaves. Learn more about the different ways you can partner with the Bill of Rights Institute. 2. On Sept. 9, 1739, early on a Sunday morning, about 20 enslaved people gathered at a spot near the Stono River. It was the largest slave rebellion in the Southern Colonies, with 25 colonists and 35 to 50 Africans killed. The Bill of Rights Institute teaches civics. Somehow, they were discovered by two white men, Robert Bathurst and a Mr. Gibbs. As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who owned and controlled these enslaved people. The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by enslaved people against enslavers in colonial America. Which state had the most slaves in 1740? After the rebellion, the Negro Act of 1740 was passed putting limits on both whites and slaves trying to prevent another rebellion happening again. With the flames rising, they continued their march southward. Why was Fort Sumter important to the Confederacy? Slaves were oppressed by a brutal system of forced labor and sometimes violently rebelled. https://www.thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410 (accessed May 1, 2023). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Why did the author suggest that Spanish policy played an important role in the Stono Rebellion? Photo by Henry of Saussure Copeland (CC BY-NC 2.0), African American History: Research Guides & Websites, Global African History: Research Guides & Websites, African American Scientists and Technicians of the Manhattan Project, Envoys, Diplomatic Ministers, & Ambassadors, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p284.html, Foundation, Organization, and Corporate Supporters. Which of the following was most influential in the initial violent success of the Stono Rebellion? 4. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. However, the ferocity of the Stono Rebels heightened the anxieties of whites over internal security in South Carolina slave-holding society for years to come. What were the reasons for Leisler's Rebellion? What was the Stono Rebellion and why is it important? You can be a part of this exciting work by making a donation to The Bill of Rights Institute today! The willingness of slaves to strike out for freedom with such force heightened anxieties among whites over internal security in the South Carolina slaveholding society for years to come. Why were Creoles ready to revolt by 1808? What was the name of the largest slave uprising in the British North American Colonies? Moving out into the night without a plan, the armed slaves first came upon the home of a planter named Godfrey. About forty whites and probably as many blacks were killed during the Stono insurrection. The StonoRebellion(also known as Cato's Conspiracyor Cato's Rebellion) was a slave revoltthat began on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Some Africans even planned all-out revolts and uprisings. By four oclock between twenty and one hundred armed planters and militiamen, possibily alerted to the revolt by Bulls party, confronted the rebels in what was thereafter known as the battlefield. The rebels distinguished themselves as courageous, even in the eyes of their enemies, but white firepower won the day. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadn't been before, and probably would have happened anyway. Why did the author suggest that Spanish policy played an important role in the Stono Rebellion? The uprising developed because of high taxes, low prices for tobacco, and anger towards Sir Berkeley because he provided special privileges that were given to those close to the Berkeley. BlackPast.org is a 501(c)(3) non-profit and our EIN is 26-1625373. Slaves who had protected their masters during the rebels march received gifts of money and clothing. Slaves were oppressed by a brutal system of forced labor and sometimes violently rebelled. Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! But Stono was the catalyst. On Sunday, September 9, 1739 the British colony of South Carolina was shaken by a slave uprising that culminated with the death of sixty people. Nie wieder prokastinieren mit unseren Lernerinnerungen. By February 1739, at least sixty-nine enslaved people had escaped to St. Augustine in Florida.1, Fig. ", George Cato, interviewed by Stiles M. Scruggs, " 'As It Come Down to Me:' Black Memories of Stono in the 1930s", "The Stono River Slave Rebellion Was Nearly Erased from SC's History Books", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stono_Rebellion&oldid=1147088369, African-American history of South Carolina, History of Catholicism in the United States, National Historic Landmarks in South Carolina, National Register of Historic Places in Charleston County, South Carolina, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 March 2023, at 19:54. The Stono Rebellion was the largest slave revolt ever staged in the 13 colonies. The Stono Rebellion (sometimes called Catos Conspiracy or Catos Rebellion) was a slave rebellion that commenced on 9 September 1739, in the colony of South Carolina. Masters, for example, were penalized for imposing excessive work or brutal punishments of slaves and a school was started so that slaves could learn Christian doctrine. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 25 white people and 35 to 50 black people killed. On September 9, 1739, the Stono Rebellion took place in South Carolina. Why is the Glorious Revolution important? White fears lingered and the militia remained on guard. 5. Stono Rebellion. The details of the 1739 event are uncertain, as documentation for the incident comes from only one firsthand report and several secondhand reports. Some of these provisions had existed in law before but had not been consistently enforced. Why was the Battle of Lexington and Concord important? The fugitive slaves were of Congolese origin, a nation in Africa that had been militarized by conflict, so they had some military experience. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Turning southward, they reached a tavern before sunup, sparing the innkeeper because they considered him "a good man and kind to his slaves" but killing his neighbors (Wood, p. 315). ." In the confusion, about thirty escaped into the countryside. The Stono Rebellion was the largest rebellion mounted by enslaved people against enslavers in colonial America. The Stono Rebellion exemplified the precariousness of white colonists clinging to power over their slaves. Stono's Rebellion September 9, 1739 Early on the morning of Sunday, September 9, 1739, 20 black slaves met in secret near the Stono River in South Carolina to plan their escape to freedom. As the population of enslaved Africans in the American colonies grew in the late 1600s and early 1700s, so did the social anxiety of the white farmers, planters, and plantation owners who controlled these enslaved peoples' labor production and lives. About thirty rebels escaped, although most of them were captured the following week. Lowcountry Digital History Initiative", "A Brief History of Slavery That You Didn't Learn in School", "The African Roots of the Stono Rebellion", "What the Stono Revolt Can Teach Us about History", "September 1739: Stono Rebellion in South Carolina", "Report from William Bull re: Stono Rebellion", "Margaret Washington on the impact of the Stono Rebellion", "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: The Stono River Slave Rebellion", "A sign on scrubland marks one of America's largest slave uprisings. 2023 . In this way, Sundays gradually became a day of rest- asserted as a right, leaning on a masters Christianity, rather than granted as a privilege. More than 20 white Carolinians, and nearly twice as many black Carolinians, were killed. Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. of the users don't pass the Stono Rebellion quiz! The example of the Stono insurrection inspired some northern abolitionist literature in the antebellum period and remained in the memories of African Americans well into the twentieth century. A: Stono is important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, and had ramifications for other colonies as well. Several revisions were made to the colonys slave code in hope of preventing future revolts. Physical and mental restriction of slaves, Creation of a method for gradual emancipation, Assurance of better working conditions for slaves. This Image shows how authorities in the Province of New York executed 34 people for conspiring to burn down the city. After breaking into a store that sold firearms and having recruited more people along the . Their number had swelled to about 100 men before they were spotted, by chance, by South Carolina's . The act also forbade enslaved people to: In addition, there was a systematic culture change in how plantation owners civilized their enslaved labor. The Stono Rebellion was led by a slave named Jeremy, who, along with approximately twenty other Kongoese slaves, revolted against their captors. Sometime after midnight on September 9, about twenty slaves working as a crew on a drainage ditch decided to escape to freedom in Florida. We equip students and teachers to live the ideals of a free and just society. The band of rebels hit a series of businesses and homes, recruiting more enslaved people and killing the enslavers and their families. When the slave owners caught up with the rebels from the Stono River in 1739, they engaged the 60 to 100 slaves in a battle. forcing conversion to Christianity as a method of breaking language and culture. An additional seventy blacks and seven whites were banished from the city. Why was the Compromise of 1850 important? Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina From 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. Make your investment into the leaders of tomorrow through the Bill of Rights Institute today! Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important for the federal government? Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. (April 27, 2023). Enslavers who treated their captives too harshly were subject to fines under the Negro Act in an implicit nod to the idea that harsh treatment might contribute to rebellion. Jacob Leisler led this rebellion and gained control of lower colonial New York. In his book "American Negro Slave Revolts" (1943), historian Herbert Aptheker estimates that over 250 rebellions of enslaved people occurred in the United States between 1619 and 1865. Kolchin, Peter. BRIs Comprehensive US History digital textbook, BRIs primary-source civics and government resource, BRIs character education narrative-based resource. White planters punished enslaved people who refused to work through physical violence; others turned to the dismemberment of toes, feet, fingers, hands, or ears. Their violent treatment and disciplinary actions towards slaves. The slaves killed the men and left their heads on the front steps. This influx put whites in fear of slave rebellions and led them to implement stricter controls on slaves. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. South Carolinians thought it was possible that the enslaved peoples' African origins had contributed to the rebellion. In 1822, a conspiracy to incite 9,000 slaves became known as Veseys Rebellion. It was the largest slave uprising in the British mainland colonies, with 21 whites and 44 blacks killed. In response to the uprising, South Carolina soon passed the Negro Act of 1740. South Carolinians spared the lives of enslaved people they believed were forced to participate against their will by the original band of rebels. From Stono River, the rebels moved to Stono Bridge, where they equipped themselves with guns, killed five whites, and burned a house. It solidified slavery in a way that it hadnt been before, and probably would have happened anyway. Policies about the conduct of enslaved Africans were also made more strict. Along the way, the group collected more . The Stono Rebellion marked a significant escalation of black resistance to slavery in South Carolina, shook the Plantation complex to its core, and precipitated legislation that would further reduce and challenge the humanity of chattel slaves in the Colonial and Antebellum South up until the end of the Civil War. It is also probable that many of the rebels were recently imported from the Kingdom of Kongo and that their religious beliefs (a syncretic form of Catholicism) influenced the uprising's timing. American Historical Review 96, no. Planters whipped enslaved people who refused to work; others turned to the dismemberment of toes, feet, fingers, hands, or earsthe extent of white violence depended on the size and density of the enslaved population. And the most effective way to achieve that is through investing in The Bill of Rights Institute. Arlington Heights: Harlan Davidson, 1999. New York: Hill and Wang, 2003. Slave Learn about the history of the Stono Rebellion of 1739. Some of the insurgents were rounded up in the spring of 1740, with one leader eluding capture until 1742. To combat these fears, plantation owners increased the harshness of their disciplinary actions against unruly enslaved people. ThoughtCo, Dec. 18, 2020, thoughtco.com/what-really-happened-at-stono-rebellion-45410. Which of the following was the most influential factor in Jeremy and other enslaved Africans rebelling against their South Carolinian captors? Americans at War. Realizing what was happening, Bull and his outnumbered companions wheeled their horses and fled, narrowly eluding capture and sounding an alarm as they went. Poorer farmers had smaller farms and fewer slaves but were just as interested in controlling the slave population through a variety of means, including whipping, slave patrols, and a version of Christianity that promoted obedience. Most subtle were the individua, Before slavery became a fixture on the North American mainland, Europeans, both Catholics and Protestants, debated the relationship between African s, Woolman, John These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Why was the Jacobite Rebellion important? 7. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Let's look at how the rebellion played out. A few slaves were released but others were shot and some were decapitated, their heads displayed conspicuously on posts. The rebels began the march to Florida with military drums accompanying them. Slaves gathered, raided a firearms shop, and headed south, killing more than 20 white people as they went. 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However, the date of retrieval is often important. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. The white community set out in armed pursuit, and by dusk half the slaves were dead and half had escaped; most were eventually captured and executed. Most ominously, the settlers were concerned about a recent proclamation from Spanish Florida offering freedom to their runaway slaves. Cry Liberty: The Great Stono River Slave Rebellion of 1739. Which of the following best describes the influence of the changing disciplinary measures southern plantation owners used on their enslaved labor after the Stono Rebellion? Vox, Lisa. Thirty black people and four white people were executed, with around eighty more people exiled. 2 (1982): 136147. Enslavers imposed harsh restrictions and punishments on enslaved Africans to maintain control over them. However, plantation owners and overseers in the sugar and rice-growing areas, where Africans outnumbered whites, routinely whipped assertive enslaved people. Some of the slaves in the plantations hid their masters and even drove off the rebels, either too frightened to join the rebellion or genuinely concerned for their owners. Whites perceived the Stono insurrection to have continued at least until the following Sunday, when militiamen encountered the largest group of disbanded rebels another thirty miles south. 2019Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. White Southerners managed to derail the other planned rebellions . Many were killed on the spot, others executed later, but there were rumors of rebels still at large for more than two years after the rebellion. By the middle of the eighteenth century, there were so many slaves in South Carolina that the majority of the inhabitants were Black. This Narrative should follow the Origins of the Slave Trade Narrative in Chapter 1. It became the practice for masters to create a psychological environment that forced people to forget family ties by: However, many enslaved Africans defiantly held on to their language, customs, and religions for as long as they could. As a result, South Carolinas lawmakers enacted a harsher slave code. Explain the circumstances that allowed for the rise of the Stono Rebellion. Stono rebellion, large slave uprising on September 9, 1739, near the Stono River, 20 miles (30 km) southwest of Charleston, South Carolina. Although the rebels failed in their attempt to reach St. Augustine and claim freedom under Spanish rule, the revolt shaped South Carolina slave society in some important ways and its legacy lingered for years after the event. In August 1739, the colonial assembly passed a law requiring planters to go to church armed in case of a slave revolt or an escape.
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